[1] Office of Population Affairs. (2019, February 21). Female infertility. 
https://www.hhs.gov/opa/reproductive-health/fact-sheets/female-infertility/index.html

[2] Cleveland Clinic. (2016, May 10). Infertility causes. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16083-infertility-causes
 
[3] Papaleo, E., Unfer, V., Baillargeon, J.P., & Chiu, T.T. (2009). Contribution of myo-inositol to reproduction. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 147(2), 120-123. DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.09.008

[4] Carlomagno, G., Unfer, V., & Roseff, S. (2011). The D-chiro-inositol paradox in the ovary. Fertility and Sterility, 95(8), 2515-2516. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.05.027 
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21641593/

[5] Caprio, F., D’Eufemia, M.D., Trotta, C., Campitiello, M.R., Ianniello, R., Mele, D., & Colacurci, N. (2015). Myo-inositol therapy for poor-responders during IVF: a prospective controlled observational trial. Journal of Ovarian Research, 8. DOI: 10.1186/s13048-015-0167-x 
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26067283/

[6] Reproductive Science Center. (2015, August 14). Myo-inositol for fertility treatment. https://rscbayarea.com/integrative-medicine-blog/myo-inositol-for-fertility-treatment

[7] Gurevich, Rachel. (2019, September 21). Here’s why an FSH test is important for monitoring your fertility. https://www.verywellfamily.com/day-3-fsh-levels-test-1960172

[8] U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2011, April 20). Role of myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol on oocyte quality. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01338844


[9] Colazingari, S., Treglia, M., Najjar, R., & Bevilacqua, A. (2013). The combined therapy myo-inositol plus d-chiro-inositol, rather than d-chiro-inositol, is able to improve IVF outcomes: results from a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 288, 1405-1411. 
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-013-2855-3

[10] 2023 Jan 26;21(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s12958-023-01055-z.
Inositol is an effective and safe treatment in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Dorina Greff 1 2 3, Anna E Juhász 1 4, Szilárd Váncsa 1 5 6, Alex Váradi 5, Zoltán Sipos 5, Julia Szinte 1 2 3, Sunjune Park 1 3, Péter Hegyi 1 5 6, Péter Nyirády 7, Nándor Ács 2, Szabolcs Várbíró 8 9, Eszter M Horváth 3
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36703143/


[11] Ijuin T, Takenawa T. Regulation of insulin signaling and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) exocytosis by phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) phosphatase, skeletal muscle, and kidney enriched inositol polyphosphate phosphatase (SKIP) J Biol Chem. 2012;287(10):6991–6999. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.335539. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Ref list]
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22247557/


[12] Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Dec;96(49):e8842. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000008842.Inositol supplement improves clinical pregnancy rate in infertile women undergoing ovulation induction for ICSI or IVF-ET Xiangqin Zheng 1, Danmei Lin, Yulong Zhang, Yuan Lin, Jianrong Song, Suyu Li, Yan Sun
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29245250/


[12] Fariba Seyedoshohadaei 1 2, Shahin Abbasi 1, Masoumeh Rezaie 1 2, Azra Allahvaisi 2 3, Mohammad Jafar Rezaie 2 3, Nasrin Soufizadeh 1, Khaled Rahmani 4. Myo-inositol effect on pregnancy outcomes in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection: A double-blind RCT. Int J Reprod Biomed
. 2022 Sep 6;20(8):643-650. doi: 10.18502/ijrm.v20i8.11753. eCollection 2022 Aug.
Affiliations expand
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36313255/

[13] Maryam Tabatabaie 1, Sadegh Amiri 1 2, Masoumeh Golestan Jahromi 3, Azadeh Akbari Sene 1, Zahra Zandieh 1 2, Mehdi Mehdizadeh 2, Fatemehsadat Amjadi 4 5. The effect of Myo-Inositol supplement on molecular regulation of folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, and assisted reproductive technique outcomes in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Mol Biol Rep. 2022 Feb;49(2):875-884. doi: 10.1007/s11033-021-06833-9. Epub 2022 Jan 18.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35407599/

[13] Iñaki Lete 1, Ainara Martínez 1, Irene Lasaga 1, Eva Centurión 1, Amaia Vesga 1. Update on the combination of myo-inositol/d-chiro-inositol for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. Review Gynecol Endocrinol. 2024 Dec;40(1):2301554. doi:10.1080/09513590.2023.2301554. Epub 2024 Jan 18.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38239032/

[14]Mariano Bizzarri 1 2, Noemi Monti 1, Aurora Piombarolo 1, Antonio Angeloni 1, Roberto Verna 2 Myo-Inositol and D-Chiro-Inositol as Modulators of Ovary Steroidogenesis: A Narrative Review. Affiliations expand
PMID: 37111094 PMCID: PMC10145676 DOI:10.3390/nu150818753
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37111094/

[1] Lisi, F., Carfagna, P., Oliva, M. M., Rago, R., Lisi, R., Poverini, R., Manna, C., Vaquero, E., Caserta, D., Raparelli, V., Marci, R., & Moscarini, M. (2012). Pretreatment with myo-inositol in non-polycystic ovary syndrome patients undergoing multiple follicular stimulation for IVF: a pilot study. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 10(52), 1-7. http://www.rbej.com/content/10/1/52
 
[2] Kalra, B., Kalra, S., & Sharma, J. (2016). The inositols and polycystic ovary syndrome. Indian Journal of Ednocrinology and Metabolism, 20(5), 720-724. DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.189231
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27730087/


[3] Benelli, E., Del Ghianda, S., Di Cosmo, C., & Tonacchera, M. (2016). A combined therapy with myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol improves endocrine parameters and insulin resistance in PCOS young overweight women. International Journal of Endocrinology. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3204083

[4] Sortino, M. A., Salomone, S., Carruba, M. O., & Drago, F. (2017). Polycystic ovary syndrome: insights into the therapeutic approach with inositols. Journal Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8(341), 1-13. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00341
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2017.00341/full

[5] U.S National Library of Medicine. (2018, July 26). Spontaneous reproductive outcomes after oral inositol supplementation in infertile polycystic ovarian syndrome women. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03598374
 
[6] Lagana, A.S., Rossetti, P., Buscema, M., La Vignera, S., Condorelli, R.A., Gullo, G., Granese, R., & Triolo, O. (2016). Metabolism and ovarian function in PCOS women: A therapeutic approach with inositols. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2016, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6306410

[7] Pundir, J., Psaroudakis, D., Savnur, P., Bhide, P., Sabatini, L., Teede, H., Coomarasamy, A., & Thangaratinam, S. (2017). Inositol treatment of anovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecoloy, 299-308. DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14754
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29226510/

[8] Benelli, E., Del Ghianda, S., Di Cosmo, C., & Tonacchera, M. (2016). A combined therapy with myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol improves endocrine parameters and insulin resistance in PCOS young overweight women. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3204083


[9] Bhide, P., Pundir, J., Gudi, A., Shah, A., Homburg, R., & Acharya, G. (2019). The effect of myo-inositol/di-chiro-inositol on markers of ovarian reserve in women with PCOS undergoing IVF/ICSI: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 98(10). https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13625

[10] 2018 Mar 2;34(2):/j/hmbci.2018.34.issue-2/hmbci-2017-0067/hmbci-2017-0067.xml. doi: 10.1515/hmbci-2017-0067.
Management of women with PCOS using myo-inositol and folic acid. New clinical data and review of the literature
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29498933/
 
[11] Notaro ALG, Neto FTL. The use of metformin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: an updated review. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2022;39(3):573–579. doi: 10.1007/s10815-022-02429-9. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Ref list] 
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35156149/

[12] Dinicola S, Unfer V, Facchinetti F, Soulage CO, Greene ND, Bizzarri M, et al. Inositols: From Established Knowledge to Novel Approaches. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(19):10575. doi: 10.3390/ijms221910575. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34638926/

[13] Fariba Seyedoshohadaei 1 2, Shahin Abbasi 1, Masoumeh Rezaie 1 2, Azra Allahvaisi 2 3, Mohammad Jafar Rezaie 2 3, Nasrin Soufizadeh 1, Khaled Rahmani 4. Myo-inositol effect on pregnancy outcomes in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection: A double-blind RCT. Int J Reprod Biomed
. 2022 Sep 6;20(8):643-650. doi: 10.18502/ijrm.v20i8.11753. eCollection 2022 Aug.
Affiliations expand
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36313255/

[14] Vittorio Unfer, Simona Dinicola, and Michele Russo. A PCOS Paradox: Does Inositol Therapy Find a Rationale in All the Different Phenotypes? Published online 2023 Mar 25. doi: 10.3390/ijms24076213. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Apr; 24(7): 6213.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10094056/

[14] Iñaki Lete 1, Ainara Martínez 1, Irene Lasaga 1, Eva Centurión 1, Amaia Vesga 1. Update on the combination of myo-inositol/d-chiro-inositol for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. Review Gynecol Endocrinol. 2024 Dec;40(1):2301554. doi:10.1080/09513590.2023.2301554. Epub 2024 Jan 18.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38239032/

[15]Mariano Bizzarri 1 2, Noemi Monti 1, Aurora Piombarolo 1, Antonio Angeloni 1, Roberto Verna 2 Myo-Inositol and D-Chiro-Inositol as Modulators of Ovary Steroidogenesis: A Narrative Review. Affiliations expand
PMID: 37111094 PMCID: PMC10145676 DOI:10.3390/nu150818753
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37111094/

[1] Angelica keiskei (Ashitaba) powder and its functional compound xanthoangelol prevent heat stress-induced impairment in sperm density and quality in mouse testes
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30686791/

[2] Propolis protects human spermatozoa from DNA damage caused by benzo[a]pyrene and exogenous reactive oxygen species
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16457855/

[3] Role of Oxidative Stress in Male Infertility: An Updated Review
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31007461/

[4] Vincenzo De Leo 1 2, Claudia Tosti 2, Giuseppe Morgante 1 2, Rosetta Ponchia 1 2, Alice Luddi 1, Laura Governini 1, Paola Piomboni 1 2. Positive Effect of a New Combination of Antioxidants and Natural Hormone Stimulants for the Treatment of Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. J Clin Med. 2022 Apr 2;11(7):1991. doi: 10.3390/jcm11071991.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35407599/